
Bicycles. Tulips. Windmills. When I thought of the Netherlands, that's what used to come to mind. But the source of a sea change in treating oor besmetting? (Sorry, in English: ear infections.) That's why I love the Dutch now.
Over the past 20-odd years, European researchers, led by the Dutch, have published a quiet but pivotal series of studies, all pointing to the same radical conclusion: When it comes to ear infections, kids just don't need antibiotics as often as we thought. The numbers are whopping. In one study, out of 240 children ages 6 months to 2 years with "acute otitis media," as we Hippocratic oath guys call it, 87 percent did not need antibiotics to recover. In a bigger sample (4,860 kids ages 2 to 12), more than 90 percent got better without antibiotics after just a few days. Turns out 66 percent of infections aren't strictly bacterial, so antibiotics wouldn't work anyway.
What I Preach
These studies are transforming how we treat ear infections in the U.S. Back in the mid '90s, when I was in med school, 8 out of 10 kids who went to the doctor for ear infections were treated with antibiotics. Doctors defaulted to amoxicillin faster than pharma reps handed out samples it seemed. Such aggressive prescribing led to some serious concerns, including mounting bacterial resistance to antibiotics.
In 2004, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Academy of Family Physicians made it official; they changed their guidelines to allow for "watchful waiting" for ear infections when it makes sense. I've found this works for most kids most of the time.
What I Practice
But for the littles under 6 months, for kids more on the ill side (high fever or bad ear pain), or if a follow-up isn't possible, I may go for the bug juice sooner. That's consistent with the new clinical guidelines, and for the record, I think that is just fine.
Sometimes a tincture of time helps clarify the diagnosis. For a kid with an infection early in the illness and on the mild side, the parents and I might decide on a prescription "to go," which they can fill in a day or two if symptoms get worse. In a study published in 2003 in Pediatrics, only 31 percent of parents ended up filling such scrips. Bonus: All this watchfulness decreases the use of antibiotics, thereby preserving their effectiveness. It also rightly empowers parents and, I think, enhances the dialogue between parent and doctor.
Of course, there are other ways to keep kids comfy, including pain relievers such as children's acetaminophen or ibuprofen. You can try putting a few drops of warm — not hot — olive oil in the affected ear (have them lie on their side). Or try naturopathic ear drops such as Otikon Otic Solution. And never underestimate the healing power of those hugs and chicken soup.
Bear in mind, medical school does not confer immunity — I am a dad first. I endure ear infections with my own kids, and after my wife and I work our way through various home remedies, I confess I sometimes agitate for the hard stuff. And so she yins (just watch and wait, dummy) against my sometimes impatient yang to treat their infections as I was first taught in med school, before the Dutch showed us the light.
Like most moms, she's right most of the time.
Alternatively ...
Can treatments such as herbal therapy, acupuncture, and homeopathy help ear infections? My colleague David W. Miller, M.D., a pediatrician and diplomate of Oriental medicine, says the holistic approach is worth considering. Admittedly, many primary care doctors may be less familiar or comfortable with these methods. But Miller says to bring it up anyway. Your child's pediatrician should know what you're considering, and maybe you'll even get a referral. Go David!
Prevention: Some Reminders
Jerome O. Klein, M.D., pediatric infectious disease specialist at Boston University (and ear infection sensei), offers advice:
By the Numbers
About the Author
Jack Maypole is assistant professor of pediatrics at the Boston University School of Medicine, a pediatrician at Boston Medical Center, and a member of Wondertime's advisory council.